Fungicidal mixtures

ABSTRACT

A fungicidal mixture comprisesa1) a phenyl benzyl ether derivative of the formula I.a, I.b or I.c and/ora2) a carbamate of the formula Id where X is CH or N, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R is halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-haloalkyl, it being possible for the radicals R to be different if n is 2, or one of its salts or adducts, andb) a dinitrophenol derivative of the formula II.a or II.b where n is 0, 1 or 2in a synergistically effective amount.

This is a Divisional application of application Ser. No. 09/423,882, filed on Nov. 15, 1999 (allowed) which is a 371 and PCT/EP98/02820, filed May 13, 1989.

The present invention relates to a fungicidal mixture which comprises

a₁) a phenyl benzyl ether derivative of the formula I.a, I.b or I.c

 and/or

a₂) a carbamate of the formula Id

 where X is CH or N, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R is halogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl or C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, it being possible for the radicals R to be different if n is 2, or one of its salts or adducts,

 and

b) a dinitrophenol derivative of the formula II.a or II.b

 where n is 0, 1 or 2

in a synergistically effective amount.

The invention further relates to methods for controlling harmful fungi using mixtures of the compounds I (I.a, I.b or I.c) and II (II.a or II.b) and to the use of the compound I and the compound II for preparing such mixtures.

The compounds of the formula Ia-c, their preparation and their activity against harmful fungi are known from the literature (EP-A 253 213; EP-A 254 426; EP-A 398 692).

The compounds of the formula Id, their preparation and their activity are known from WO-A 93/15046, WO-A 96/01256 and WO-A 96/01258.

Also known is the mixture of the compounds II (II.a and II.b) (common name: Dinocap), their preparation and their activity against harmful fungi and arachnids (U.S. Pat. No. 2,526,660; U.S. Pat. No. 2,810,767).

It is an object of the present invention to provide mixtures which have an improved activity against harmful fungi combined with a reduced total amount of active ingredients applied (synergistic mixtures), with a view to reducing the application rates and to improving the activity spectrum of the known compounds I and II.

We have found that this object is achieved by the mixture defined at the outset. In addition, we have found that, by applying the compound I and the compound II simultaneously, that is to say separately as well as together, or by applying the compound I and the compounds II in succession, better control of harmful fungi is possible than when the individual compounds are used.

The formula Id in particular represents carbamates where the combination of the substituents corresponds to a row of the table below:

No. X R_(n) I.1 N 2-F I.2 N 3-F I.3 N 4-F I.4 N 2-Cl I.5 N 3-Cl I.6 N 4-Cl I.7 N 2-Br I.8 N 3-Br I.9 N 4-Br I.10 N 2-CH₃ I.11 N 3-CH₃ I.12 N 4-CH₃ I.13 N 2-CH₂CH₃ I.14 N 3-CH₂CH₃ I.15 N 4-CH₂CH₃ I.16 N 2-CH(CH₃)₂ I.17 N 3-CH(CH₃)₂ I.18 N 4-CH(CH₃)₂ I.19 N 2-CF₃ I.20 N 3-CF₃ I.21 N 4-CF₃ I.22 N 2,4-F₂ I.23 N 2,4-Cl₂ I.24 N 3,4-Cl₂ I.25 N 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ I.26 N 3-Cl, 4-CH₃ I.27 CH 2-F I.28 CH 3-F I.29 CH 4-F I.30 CH 2-Cl I.31 CH 3-Cl I.32 CH 4-Cl I.33 CH 2-Br I.34 CH 3-Br I.35 CH 4-Br I.36 CH 2-CH₃ I.37 CH 3-CH₃ I.38 CH 4-CH₃ I.39 CH 2-CH₂CH₃ I.40 CH 3-CH₂CH₃ I.41 CH 4-CH₂CH₃ I.42 CH 2-CH(CH₃)₂ I.43 CH 3-CH(CH₃)₂ I.44 CH 4-CH(CH₃)₂ I.45 CH 2-CF₃ I.46 CH 3-CF₃ I.47 CH 4-CF₃ I.48 CH 2,4-F₂ I.49 CH 2,4-Cl₂ I.50 CH 3,4-Cl₂ I.51 CH 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ I.52 CH 3-Cl, 4-CH₃

Particular preference is given to the compounds I.12, I.23, I.32 and I.38.

When preparing the mixtures, it is preferred to employ the pure active ingredients I and II, to which further active ingredients against harmful fungi or other pests, such as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredients or fertilizers can be admixed.

The mixtures of the compounds I and II, or the simultaneous joint or separate use of the compounds I and II, have outstanding action against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Phycomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Some of them act systemically and can therefore also be employed as foliar and soil-acting fungicides.

They are especially important for controlling a large number of fungi in a variety of crop plants, such as cotton, vegetable species (eg. cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits), barley, grass, oats, bananas, coffee, maize, fruit species, rice, rye, soya, grapevine, wheat, ornamentals, sugar cane, and a variety of seeds.

They are particularly suitable for controlling the following phytopathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis (powdery mildew) in cereals, Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea in cucurbits, Podosphaera leucotricha in apples, Uncinula necator in grapevines, Puccinia species in cereals, Rhizoctonia species in cotton, rice and lawns, Ustilago species in cereals and sugar cane, Venturia inaequalis (scab) in apples, Helminthosporium species in cereals, Septoria nodorum in wheat, Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) in strawberries, vegetables, ornamentals and grapevines, Cercospora arachidicola in groundnuts, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in wheat and barley, Pyricularia oryzae in rice, Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and tomatoes, Plasmopara viticola in grapevines Pseudocercosporella species in hops and cucumbers, Alternaria species in vegetables and fruit, Mycosphaerella species in bananas, and Fusarium and Verticillium species.

Furthermore, they can be used in the protection of materials (eg. in the protection of wood), for example against Paecilomyces variotii.

The compounds I and II can be applied simultaneously, that is either together or separately, or in succession, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.

The compounds I and II are usually in a weight ratio of 10:1 to 0.01:1, preferably 5:1 to 0.05:1, in particular 1:1 to 0.05:1.

Depending on the nature of the desired effect, the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention are, in particular, in agricultural crops, from 0.01 to 8 kg/ha, preferably 0.1 to 5 kg/ha, in particular 0.5 to 3.0 kg/ha.

The application rates are, in the case of the compounds I, from 0.01 to 2.5 kg/ha, preferably 0.05 to 2.5 kg/ha, in particular 0.05 to 1.0 kg/ha.

In the case of the compounds II, the application rates are from 0.01 to 10 kg/ha, preferably 0.05 to 5 kg/ha, in particular 0.1 to 2.0 kg/ha.

For seed treatment, the application rates of the mixture are generally from 0.001 to 250 g/kg of seed, preferably 0.01 to 100 g/kg, in particular 0.01 to 50 g/kg.

If phytopathogenic harmful fungi are to be controlled, the separate or joint application of the compounds I and II or of the mixtures of the compounds I and II is effected by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soils before or after sowing of the plants, or before or after plant emergence.

The fungicidal synergistic mixtures according to the invention, or the compounds I and II, can be formulated for example in the form of ready-to-spray solutions, powders and suspensions or in the form of highly concentrated aqueous, oily or other suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, materials for spreading or granules, and applied by spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring. The use form depends on the intended purpose; in any case, it should guarantee as fine and uniform as possible a distribution of the mixture according to the invention.

The formulations are prepared in a manner known per se, eg. by adding solvents and/or carriers. It is usual to admix inert additives, such as emulsifiers or dispersants, to the formulations.

Suitable surfactants are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, eg. ligno-, phenol-, naphthalene- and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and of fatty acids, alkyl- and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, and salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, or of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of the naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors or methylcellulose.

Powders, materials for spreading and dusts can be prepared by mixing or jointly grinding the compounds I and II or the mixture of the compounds I and II with a solid carrier.

Granules (eg. coated granules, impregnated granules or homogeneous granules) are usually prepared by binding the active ingredient, or active ingredients, to a solid carrier.

Fillers or solid carriers are, for example, mineral earths, such as silica gel, silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, and fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders or other solid carriers.

The formulations generally comprise 0.1 to 95% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight, of one of the compounds I or II or of the mixture of the compounds I and II. The active ingredients are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum or HPLC).

The compounds I and II, or the mixtures, or the corresponding formulations, are applied by treating the harmful fungi, their habitat, or the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from them with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture, or of the compounds I and II in the case of separate application.

Application can be effected before or after infection by the harmful fungi.

USE EXAMPLE

The synergistic action of the mixtures according to the invention was demonstrated by the following experiments:

The active ingredients, separately or together, were formulated as a 10% emulsion in a mixture of 70% by weight of cyclohexanone, 20% by weight of Nekanil® LN (Lutensol® AP6, wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersing action, based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) and 10% by weight of Emulphor® EL (Emulan® EL, emulsifier based on ethoxylated fatty alcohols) and diluted with water to give the desired concentration.

Example 1

Activity against powdery mildew of wheat

Leaves of wheat seedlings cv. “Frühgold” which had been grown in pots were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous preparation of active ingredient which had been made from a stock solution comprising 10% of active compound, 63% of cyclohexanone and 27% of emulsifier, and, 24 hours after the spray coating had dried on, were dusted with spores of powdery mildew of wheat (Erysiphe graminis forma specialis tritici). The test plants were subsequently placed in a greenhouse at from 20 to 24° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of 70 to 90%. After 7 days, the extent of mildew development was determined visually in % infection of the total leaf area.

Evaluation was carried out by determining the infected leaf areas in percent. These percentages were converted into degrees of action. The efficacy (E) was calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:

E=(1-α)·100/β

α corresponds to the fungal infection of the treated plants in % and

β corresponds to the fungal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %

A degree of action of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; a degree of action of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.

The expected degrees of action of the mixtures of the active ingredients were determined using Colby's formula [R. S. Colby, Weeds 15, (1967) 20-22] and compared with the observed degrees of action.

Colby's formula: E=x+y−x·y/100

E expected degree of action, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the mixture of the active ingredients A and B at the concentrations a and b

x degree of action, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using active ingredient A at a concentration of a

y degree of action, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using active ingredient B at a concentration of b

TABLE 3 Mixture according Observed Calculated Ex. to the invention efficacy efficacy*) 6 0.6 ppm Ia + 40 10 12.5 ppm IIa 7 0.3 ppm Ia + 40 10 12.5 ppm IIa 8 0.6 ppm Ib + 85 23.5 12.5 ppm IIa 9 0.3 ppm Ib + 80 23.5 12.5 ppm IIa 10 0.63 ppm Id + 95 75 6.3 ppm IIa 11 0.31 ppm Id + 80 40 3.1 ppm IIa *)calculated using Colby's formula

The test results show that the observed efficacy in all mixing ratios is higher than the efficacy that had been calculated beforehand using Colby's formula. 

We claim:
 1. A fungicidal composition comprising synergistically effective amounts of a₁) a phenyl benzyl ether compound I of formula I.a, I.b or I.c,

 and b) a dinitrophenol compound II of formula II.a or II.b,

 where n is 0, 1 or 2 or a combination of the compounds of formulae II.a and II.b.
 2. The composition defined in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the compound I to the compound II is from 10:1 to 0.01:1.
 3. The composition defined in claim 1 which is conditioned in two parts, one part comprising the compound I in a solid or liquid carrier and the other part comprising the compound II in a solid or liquid carrier.
 4. The composition defined in claim 1, wherein the dinitrophenol II is a combination of the dinitrophenols represented by formulae II.a and II.b.
 5. The composition defined in claim 1, wherein the compound I is of formula I.a.
 6. The composition defined in claim 5, wherein the dinitrophenol II is a combination of the dinitrophenols represented by formulae II.a and II.b.
 7. A method for controlling harmful fungi, which comprises treating the harmful fungi, their habitat, or plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from said fungi with an effective amount of the compound I and the compound II defined in claim 1, the compound I and the compound II being applied in synergistically effective amounts.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the compound I and the compound II are applied simultaneously, that is to say separately as well as together, or in succession.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the compound I is applied in an amount of from 0.01 to 2.5 kg/ha.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the compound II is applied in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 kg/ha.
 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the dinitrophenol II is a combination of the dinitrophenols represented by formulae II.a and II.b.
 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the compound I is of formula I.a.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the dinitrophenol II is a combination of the dinitrophenols represented by formulae II.a and II.b. 